<h3>Ratio</h3><p>A <strong>ratio</strong> compares quantities of the same kind, written as <code>a : b</code>. To share KSh 1200 between two children in the ratio 2 : 3, add the parts (2 + 3 = 5), find one part (1200 ÷ 5 = 240), then multiply: the shares are <code>2 x 240 = 480</code> and <code>3 x 240 = 720</code>.</p><h3>Proportion</h3><p>In <strong>direct proportion</strong>, two quantities increase or decrease together. In <strong>inverse proportion</strong>, as one increases the other decreases, so their product stays constant. If 4 workers dig a trench in 6 days, then <code>4 x 6 = 24</code> worker-days, so 8 workers take <code>24 ÷ 8 = 3</code> days.</p><h3>Percentage</h3><p>A <strong>percentage</strong> is a fraction out of 100. To find 15% of KSh 2000, compute <code>(15 ÷ 100) x 2000 = 300</code>. A percentage increase of 10% multiplies a value by 1.10.</p><div class="callout"><strong>Kenyan context:</strong> A farmer mixes cattle feed in the ratio 3 : 2 of maize germ to sunflower cake. For a 50 kg batch, that is <code>30 kg</code> maize germ and <code>20 kg</code> cake. If a shopkeeper in Eldoret raises the price of a 2 kg packet of sugar from KSh 250 by 12%, the new price is <code>250 x 1.12 = KSh 280</code>.</div>
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Share KSh 3000 in the ratio 1 : 2. The larger share is: